OPT406 - Binocular Vision and Low Vision

Subject Title
Binocular Vision and Low Vision

Subject Description
This subject introduces students to the physiology of binocular vision and the specific diseases that contribute to vision loss. Students learn to identify and interpret the clinical symptoms and signs of associated binocular conditions, low vision and vision loss and select appropriate visual aid treatments for patients with various low vision conditions

Credit Status
One credit toward the Opticianry Diploma Program

Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this subject the student will be able to:

Upon successful completion of this subject, the student will be able to:
 

1. Analyze the characteristics of normal binocular vision and voluntary motor systems of the eye. 

• Define normal and anomalous binocular vision.
• Discuss the development and obstacles in the development of binocular vision.
•  Discuss normal binocular vision requirements.
•  Classify binocular vision stages.
•  Discuss sensory adaptation in binocular vision.
•  Define normal and abnormal retinal correspondence.
•  Define stereopsis and stereoscopic acuity
•  Define sensory fusion, motor fusion, diplopia and binocular rivalry
• Explain the sensory aspects of binocular vision
• Define Phoria/ Tropia
• Classify binocular anomalies based on distance phoria and AC/A ratio

2. Identify sign, symptoms and ocular conditions causing binocular vision dysfunction

• Define binocular vision dysfunction
• Identify signs and symptoms of patients with binocular vision dysfunction.
•  Discuss ocular conditions, which can cause binocular vision disorder.

1. Describe clinical procedures used to test binocular vision and accommodation.

•   Discuss the protocols for performing the tests used in assessing binocular vision
•   Describe the clinical procedures used to assess visual perceptual skills.
•   Discuss the binocular assessments tests aimed at assessing the presence or absence normal and abnormal correspondence
•   Identify the tests used in binocular assessments.
•    Describe the measurement of convergence and classification of vergence movements.
•    Discuss versions, vergence, and the relationship to abnormal vision.
•     Describe the clinical procedures used to asses binocular vision functioning.
•     Discuss tools used to evaluate strabismus.

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the effects of specific diseases that contribute to vision loss.

• Distinguish between visual impairment, low vision, partially sighted, legally blind and blindness
• Identify different degrees of sight loss including central and peripheral vision.
•  Discuss vision loss causes, signs and symptoms in the young, adult and elderly patient.

1. Discuss visual loss testing procedures, patient education and continuum care.

• Discuss the eye examination procedure for a patient with low vision.
• Discuss functional limitations of visual impaired patient.
• Describe procedures to assess visual function.
• Discuss patient low vision aids options.
• Discuss the psychology of patients with low vision.
• Outline the importance of educating the low vision patient.
• Discuss the importance of continuing care in managing the low vision patient

6. Define lens stop and calculate the lens stops of various eyepieces and lenses.

•  Identify the types of lens stops
•  Define entrance and exit pupil
•  Draw a diagram to illustrate the lens stops.
•  Calculate the lens stop of various eyepieces and lenses

7. Describe telescopic and microscopic lens systems and calculate their magnifier power.

•  Recognize astronomical, Galilean and terrestrial telescopes by their component lenses and discuss their applications
•  Differentiate between reflecting telescopes and refracting telescopes
•   Recognize a compound microscope by its component lenses and discuss  applications in terms of the near point of the human eye
• Calculate the magnifying power of telescopes and microscopes for afocal and non-afocal settings.
•  Discuss the principles of various optical instruments.
•  Compare telescopic and microscopic lens systems with the lens systems in the keratometer and lensometer
•  Calculate the magnification of a simple magnifier
•   Discuss the simple camera in comparison with the human eye.

8. Select the appropriate visual aid treatment for patients with various low vision conditions.

•   Discuss equipment and technologies used for low vision.
•   Discuss the aspects of magnification as they relate to image enlargement.
•   Describe magnifiers used by low vision patients in terms of advantages and disadvantages,  optics and proper use
•   Discuss telescopes and the electronic vision enhancement systems and how to advise patient  on proper use.
•   Discuss the use of non-optical aids for low vision patients.
•   Discuss new emerging technologies used to enhance the lives of low vision patients.

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